AI in Natural Disaster Management: A Review of Predictive Modeling and Response Optimization

Abstract

Artificial intelligence is playing a vital role in disaster preparedness, response, and recovery efforts. This paper reviews AI-driven models for earthquake prediction, flood forecasting, and wildfire detection. We analyze remote sensing techniques, drone-based damage assessment, and reinforcement learning for emergency response planning. Challenges such as real-time data processing, ethical concerns in disaster prediction, and AI reliability in extreme conditions are discussed. Future research directions highlight advancements in AI-driven crisis communication and autonomous disaster relief systems.